Ultimate English Pronunciation & Fluency Hub

Complete pronunciation guide for Marathi and Hindi speakers. Explore all 44 sounds and test your fluency!

Note: Browsers do not naturally speak isolated phonetic symbols. The 🔊 buttons use phonetic approximations to isolate the sound.

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Pure Vowels (Monophthongs)

/iː/
Long Vowel
ई (ī)
Close, Front, Unrounded
💡 Pro Tip: Smile wide, pulling your lips back tight.
/ʃiːp/ sheep
/fiːl/ feel
/tiːm/ team
/məˈʃiːn/ machine
/bɪˈliːv/ believe
/siːd/ seed
/piːs/ piece
/rɪˈsiːv/ receive
/ˈiːvnɪŋ/ evening
/θriː/ three
/ɪ/
Short Vowel
इ (i)
Near-close, Near-front, Unrounded
💡 Pro Tip: Relax your mouth and jaw. Much lazier than ई.
/ʃɪp/ ship
/bɪt/ bit
/sɪt/ sit
/ˈmɪnɪt/ minute
/ˈwɪmɪn/ women
/bɪld/ build
/ˈsɪstəm/ system
/ˈsɪmbəl/ symbol
/ɡɪv/ give
/lɪv/ live
/ʊ/
Short Vowel
उ (u)
Near-close, Near-back, Rounded
💡 Pro Tip: Lips slightly rounded and pushed out, but relaxed.
/pʊt/ put
/lʊk/ look
/ɡʊd/ good
/bʊk/ book
/kʊd/ could
/ʃʊd/ should
/ˈwʊmən/ woman
/pʊʃ/ push
/fʊl/ full
/ˈʃʊɡə/ sugar
/uː/
Long Vowel
ऊ (ū)
Close, Back, Rounded
💡 Pro Tip: Lips into a tight, round circle, like blowing a kiss.
/bluː/ blue
/fuːd/ food
/ʃuː/ shoe
/ɡruːp/ group
/tuː/ two
/ˈmjuːzɪk/ music
/truː/ true
/ruːl/ rule
/θruː/ through
/ruːm/ room
/e/ (or /ɛ/)
Short Vowel
ए (e)
Open-mid, Front, Unrounded
💡 Pro Tip: Drop jaw slightly. Tongue behind bottom teeth.
/bed/ bed
/hed/ head
/red/ red
/sed/ said
/frend/ friend
/ˈmeni/ many
/bred/ bread
/ˈeni/ any
/ˈweðə/ weather
/ˈsevən/ seven
/æ/
Short Vowel
ऍ / ऐ (æ)
Near-open, Front, Unrounded
💡 Pro Tip: Open mouth quite wide, smile slightly (like in 'cat').
/kæt/ cat
/bæd/ bad
/blæk/ black
/ˈæpl/ apple
/hænd/ hand
/mæp/ map
/mæn/ man
/ˈfæməli/ family
/bæk/ back
/plæn/ plan
/ʌ/
Short Vowel
अ (punchy)
Open-mid, Back, Unrounded
💡 Pro Tip: Relaxed lips. Sound comes sharply from back of throat.
/kʌp/ cup
/lʌk/ luck
/blʌd/ blood
/lʌv/ love
/ˈmʌni/ money
/ˈmʌðə/ mother
/kʌm/ come
/mʌtʃ/ much
/ˈʌndə/ under
/sʌn/ sun
/ɑː/
Long Vowel
आ (ā)
Open, Back, Unrounded
💡 Pro Tip: Drop jaw wide open (say 'Aaaah').
/kɑː/ car
/ˈfɑːðə/ father
/stɑːt/ start
/hɑːd/ hard
/pɑːt/ part
/hɑːt/ heart
/hɑːf/ half
/dɑːk/ dark
/fɑːm/ farm
/lɑːf/ laugh
/ɒ/
Short Vowel
ऑ (o) short
Open, Back, Rounded
💡 Pro Tip: Drop jaw, slightly round lips. Very short.
/nɒt/ not
/hɒt/ hot
/bɒks/ box
/stɒp/ stop
/klɒk/ clock
/dɒɡ/ dog
/wɒnt/ want
/wɒtʃ/ watch
/wɒʃ/ wash
/ˈkwɒləti/ quality
/ɔː/
Long Vowel
ऑ (longer)
Open-mid, Back, Rounded
💡 Pro Tip: Lips rounded and pushed forward. Jaw half open.
/lɔː/ law
/sɔː/ saw
/bɔːd/ board
/nɔːθ/ north
/dɔː/ door
/fɔː/ four
/kɔːl/ call
/ˈwɔːtə/ water
/θɔːt/ thought
/ˈstɔːri/ story
/ɜː/
Long Vowel
अ (prolonged)
Open-mid, Central, Unrounded
💡 Pro Tip: Completely relaxed mouth. Think 'errrrr...'
/bɜːd/ bird
/tɜːn/ turn
/lɜːn/ learn
/ɜːθ/ earth
/wɜːd/ word
/ɡɜːl/ girl
/wɜːk/ work
/ˈpɜːsn/ person
/hɜːt/ hurt
/fɜːst/ first
/ə/
Short Vowel
अ (weak/lazy)
Mid, Central, Unrounded (Schwa)
💡 Pro Tip: The laziest sound! Barely open mouth.
/əˈbaʊt/ about
/ˈsəʊfə/ sofa
/ˈsɪstəm/ system
/ˈpɪktʃə/ picture
/pəˈliːs/ police
/təˈdeɪ/ today
/ˈwʊmən/ woman
/səˈdʒest/ suggest
/kənˈtrəʊl/ control
/ˈfeɪməs/ famous

Diphthongs (Gliding Vowels)

/eɪ/
Diphthong
एइ (ei)
Glides to /ɪ/
💡 Pro Tip: Start with 'e' (dress) and smoothly glide to 'i' (kit).
/deɪ/ day
/meɪk/ make
/teɪk/ take
/eɪt/ eight
/weɪt/ wait
/seɪ/ say
/leɪt/ late
/neɪm/ name
/pleɪ/ play
/breɪk/ break
/aɪ/
Diphthong
आइ (ai)
Glides to /ɪ/
💡 Pro Tip: Start wide open 'ah' and glide to 'i'.
/maɪ/ my
/haɪ/ high
/taɪm/ time
/faɪnd/ find
/aɪ/ eye
/laɪk/ like
/raɪt/ right
/naɪt/ night
/tʃaɪld/ child
/smaɪl/ smile
/ɔɪ/
Diphthong
ओइ (oi)
Glides to /ɪ/
💡 Pro Tip: Start with rounded lips 'aw' and glide to unrounded 'i'.
/bɔɪ/ boy
/tɔɪ/ toy
/vɔɪs/ voice
/ɔɪl/ oil
/dʒɔɪn/ join
/kɔɪn/ coin
/pɔɪnt/ point
/nɔɪz/ noise
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ enjoy
/bɔɪl/ boil
/aʊ/
Diphthong
आउ (au)
Glides to /ʊ/
💡 Pro Tip: Start wide open 'ah' and round lips tightly to 'u'.
/naʊ/ now
/haʊ/ how
/aʊt/ out
/haʊs/ house
/braʊn/ brown
/daʊn/ down
/kaʊ/ cow
/saʊnd/ sound
/taʊn/ town
/laʊd/ loud
/əʊ/ or /oʊ/
Diphthong
ओ (oʊ)
Glides to /ʊ/
💡 Pro Tip: Start lazy (schwa) and round lips forward.
/ɡəʊ/ go
/nəʊ/ no
/ʃəʊ/ show
/bəʊt/ boat
/həʊm/ home
/əʊld/ old
/ˈəʊvə/ over
/ˈəʊpən/ open
/səʊ/ so
/rəʊd/ road
/ɪə/
Diphthong
इअ (iə)
Glides to /ə/ (Centering)
💡 Pro Tip: Start with 'i' (kit) and relax into schwa.
/hɪə/ here
/ɪə/ ear
/klɪə/ clear
/tɪə/ tear
/bɪə/ beer
/dɪə/ dear
/jɪə/ year
/fɪə/ fear
/tʃɪə/ cheer
/bɪəd/ beard
/eə/
Diphthong
एअ (eə)
Glides to /ə/ (Centering)
💡 Pro Tip: Start with 'e' (dress) and relax into schwa.
/ðeə/ there
/heə/ hair
/keə/ care
/weə/ wear
/beə/ bear
/tʃeə/ chair
/weə/ where
/peə/ pair
/ʃeə/ share
/feə/ fair
/ʊə/
Diphthong
उअ (uə)
Glides to /ə/ (Centering)
💡 Pro Tip: Start with 'u' (foot) and relax into schwa.
/tʊə/ tour
/pjʊə/ pure
/ʃʊə/ sure
/pʊə/ poor
/ˈfjʊəri/ fury
/kjʊə/ cure
/sɪˈkjʊə/ secure
/məˈtʃʊə/ mature
/ˈkjʊəriəs/ curious
/ˈplʊərəl/ plural

Consonants

Note: Consonants are paired. Notice how /p/ and /b/, or /f/ and /v/ use the exact same mouth shape, but one has no voice (throat vibration) and the other does.

/p/
Voiceless
प (p)
Bilabial Plosive (Stop)
💡 Pro Tip: Lips closed, puff of air. Vocal cords DO NOT vibrate.
/pæk/ pack
/tɒp/ top
/ˈəʊpən/ open
/ˈæpl/ apple
/stɒp/ stop
/pleɪ/ play
/peɪ/ pay
/ˈpeɪpə/ paper
/help/ help
/ˈpɜːsn/ person
/b/
Voiced
ब (b)
Bilabial Plosive (Stop)
💡 Pro Tip: Lips closed. Vocal cords VIBRATE.
/bæk/ back
/dʒɒb/ job
/ˈbeɪbi/ baby
/əˈbaʊt/ about
/kæb/ cab
/bɪɡ/ big
/best/ best
/ˈbrʌðə/ brother
/ˈnʌmbə/ number
/ˈbjuːtɪfl/ beautiful
/t/
Voiceless
ट (t) - Not त!
Alveolar Plosive
💡 Pro Tip: Tip of tongue on ridge behind top teeth (not on teeth).
/taɪm/ time
/kæt/ cat
/ˈwɔːtə/ water
/stɒp/ stop
/ˈleɪtə/ later
/tuː/ two
/teɪk/ take
/ˈsɪti/ city
/raɪt/ right
/ˈbetə/ better
/d/
Voiced
ड (d) - Not द!
Alveolar Plosive
💡 Pro Tip: Tip of tongue on ridge. Vocal cords VIBRATE.
/deɪ/ day
/bæd/ bad
/ˈmɪdl/ middle
/ˈredi/ ready
/maɪnd/ mind
/duː/ do
/daʊn/ down
/ˈʌndə/ under
/fuːd/ food
/tʃaɪld/ child
/k/
Voiceless
क (k)
Velar Plosive
💡 Pro Tip: Back of tongue against soft palate. Strong puff.
/kiː/ key
/bæk/ back
/skuːl/ school
/kɑː/ car
/kwɪk/ quick
/kɔːl/ call
/kiːp/ keep
/kʌm/ come
/bɪˈkɒz/ because
/ˈkwestʃən/ question
/ɡ/
Voiced
ग (g)
Velar Plosive
💡 Pro Tip: Back of tongue against soft palate. Vocal cords VIBRATE.
/ɡet/ get
/dɒɡ/ dog
/ɡreɪt/ great
/bæɡ/ bag
/əˈɡen/ again
/ɡəʊ/ go
/ɡʊd/ good
/ɡɜːl/ girl
/ɡɪv/ give
/bɪɡ/ big
/f/
Voiceless
फ़ (f)
Labiodental Fricative
💡 Pro Tip: Top teeth gently on bottom lip, blow air.
/fuːd/ food
/ɒf/ off
/lɑːf/ laugh
/fəʊn/ phone
/sɒft/ soft
/fɔː/ for
/faɪnd/ find
/ˈfæməli/ family
/ˈbjuːtɪfl/ beautiful
/laɪf/ life
/v/
Voiced
व (v)
Labiodental Fricative
💡 Pro Tip: Top teeth on bottom lip. Vocal cords VIBRATE. (Don't confuse with W).
/ˈveri/ very
/lʌv/ love
/hæv/ have
/ˈnevə/ never
/vɔɪs/ voice
/ˈvæljuː/ value
/prəˈvaɪd/ provide
/ˈevri/ every
/liːv/ leave
/muːv/ move
/θ/
Voiceless
थ (th) - Soft
Dental Fricative
💡 Pro Tip: Tongue tip BETWEEN teeth. Blow air. NO vibration.
/θæŋks/ thanks
/bəʊθ/ both
/mʌnθ/ month
/θriː/ three
/ˈnʌθɪŋ/ nothing
/θɪŋk/ think
/θɪŋ/ thing
/helθ/ health
/truːθ/ truth
/juːθ/ youth
/ð/
Voiced
द (th) - Buzzing
Dental Fricative
💡 Pro Tip: Tongue tip BETWEEN teeth. Vocal cords VIBRATE (buzz).
/ðæt/ that
/ˈmʌðə/ mother
/wɪð/ with
/ðəʊz/ those
/ˈʌðə/ other
/ðə/ the
/ðɪs/ this
/ðeɪ/ they
/ˈbrʌðə/ brother
/ˈweðə/ weather
/s/
Voiceless
स (s)
Alveolar Fricative
💡 Pro Tip: Hissing sound, like a snake.
/siː/ see
/mɪs/ miss
/ˈsɪti/ city
/haʊs/ house
/sʌm/ some
/seɪ/ say
/skuːl/ school
/ˈstjuːdnt/ student
/ˈsɪstəm/ system
/feɪs/ face
/z/
Voiced
ज़ (z)
Alveolar Fricative
💡 Pro Tip: Buzzing sound, like a bee. Vocal cords VIBRATE.
/hæz/ has
/bʌz/ buzz
/ˈmjuːzɪk/ music
/ˈkreɪzi/ crazy
/ˈzɪərəʊ/ zero
/ɪz/ is
/wɒz/ was
/ˈiːzi/ easy
/ˈriːzn/ reason
/saɪz/ size
/ʃ/
Voiceless
श (sh)
Palato-Alveolar Fricative
💡 Pro Tip: Lips rounded slightly. The 'shushing' sound.
/ʃiː/ she
/wɒʃ/ wash
/ˈʃʊɡə/ sugar
/ˈækʃn/ action
/ʃʊə/ sure
/ʃəʊ/ show
/məˈʃiːn/ machine
/ˈɪʃuː/ issue
/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ information
/ˈspeʃl/ special
/ʒ/
Voiced
ज़/झ (zh)
Palato-Alveolar Fricative
💡 Pro Tip: Like 'sh' but vocal cords VIBRATE. Very smooth.
/ˈmeʒə/ measure
/ˈjuːʒuəl/ usual
/ˈkæʒuəl/ casual
/ˈmæsɑːʒ/ massage
/ˈʒɒnrə/ genre
/dɪˈsɪʒn/ decision
/ˈtelɪvɪʒn/ television
/əˈkeɪʒn/ occasion
/rɪˈvɪʒn/ revision
/dɪˈvɪʒn/ division
/h/
Voiceless
ह (h)
Glottal Fricative
💡 Pro Tip: Just breathing out sharply from the throat.
/hɒt/ hot
/huː/ who
/bɪˈhaɪnd/ behind
/həˈləʊ/ hello
/haʊs/ house
/hiː/ he
/hæv/ have
/haʊ/ how
/help/ help
/həʊp/ hope
/tʃ/
Voiceless
च (ch)
Affricate (Stop + Fricative)
💡 Pro Tip: Starts like /t/ ends like /sh/.
/tʃaɪld/ child
/wɒtʃ/ watch
/ˈneɪtʃə/ nature
/mætʃ/ match
/tʃɜːtʃ/ church
/tʃeɪndʒ/ change
/kætʃ/ catch
/ˈkwestʃən/ question
/ˈpɪktʃə/ picture
/ˈfjuːtʃə/ future
/dʒ/
Voiced
ज (j)
Affricate (Stop + Fricative)
💡 Pro Tip: Starts like /d/ ends like /zh/. Vocal cords VIBRATE.
/dʒɒb/ job
/peɪdʒ/ page
/ˈdeɪndʒə/ danger
/edʒ/ edge
/ˈmædʒɪk/ magic
/dʒʌst/ just
/eɪdʒ/ age
/lɑːdʒ/ large
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ subject
/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ education
/m/
Voiced
म (m)
Bilabial Nasal
💡 Pro Tip: Lips closed. Air comes out the nose.
/miː/ me
/ruːm/ room
/ˈsʌmə/ summer
/meɪk/ make
/ˈfæməli/ family
/mæn/ man
/taɪm/ time
/mɔː/ more
/ˈmʌðə/ mother
/sʌm/ some
/n/
Voiced
न (n)
Alveolar Nasal
💡 Pro Tip: Tongue tip on ridge. Air comes out the nose.
/nəʊ/ no
/sʌn/ sun
/nəʊ/ know
/ˈfʌni/ funny
/ˈnevə/ never
/nɒt/ not
/ɪn/ in
/wʌn/ one
/neɪm/ name
/pɔɪnt/ point
/ŋ/
Voiced
ङ (ng)
Velar Nasal
💡 Pro Tip: Back of tongue against soft palate. Air out nose. Never pronounce a hard 'G' here.
/rɪŋ/ ring
/ˈfɪŋɡə/ finger
/lɒŋ/ long
/bæŋk/ bank
/ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ thinking
/ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ going
/ˈnʌθɪŋ/ nothing
/sɒŋ/ song
/brɪŋ/ bring
/θæŋk/ thank
/l/
Voiced
ल (l)
Lateral Approximant
💡 Pro Tip: Tongue tip touching ridge, air flows over the sides.
/lʊk/ look
/fiːl/ feel
/ˈfæməli/ family
/help/ help
/ˈlɪtl/ little
/laɪk/ like
/ɔːl/ all
/wel/ well
/wɜːld/ world
/liːv/ leave
/r/
Voiced
र (r) - Smooth
Approximant
💡 Pro Tip: Tongue curls back but DOES NOT touch the roof. Do not roll it like Hindi 'र'.
/raɪt/ right
/ˈsɒri/ sorry
/raɪt/ write
/ɡreɪt/ great
/əˈraʊnd/ around
/rʌn/ run
/ruːm/ room
/ˈprɒbləm/ problem
/traɪ/ try
/ˈevri/ every
/j/
Voiced
य (y)
Palatal Approximant
💡 Pro Tip: Glides like a quick 'i'.
/juː/ you
/jɪə/ year
/ˈmjuːzɪk/ music
/fjuː/ few
/ˈstjuːdnt/ student
/jes/ yes
/juːz/ use
/jʌŋ/ young
/ˈbjuːtɪfl/ beautiful
/ˈjestədeɪ/ yesterday
/w/
Voiced
व (w) - Rounded
Bilabial Approximant
💡 Pro Tip: Lips must be ROUNDED like blowing a kiss. (Don't confuse with /v/).
/ˈwɔːtə/ water
/weə/ where
/wʌn/ one
/kwɪk/ quick
/ˈwɪndəʊ/ window
/wiː/ we
/wɒt/ what
/wɪl/ will
/weɪ/ way
/ˈɔːlweɪz/ always

🎯 Drill 1: Minimal Pairs Audio Quiz

Train your ears to distinguish the most commonly confused sounds for Hindi/Marathi speakers.

A
B
Score: 0/12

🎤 Drill 2: Listen, Record & Compare

Practice phonetic sentences. First, listen to the reference speaker. Next, record yourself. Finally, play back your recording immediately to self-correct.

*Automated AI scoring is omitted because browser-based voice recognition focuses on spelling, not strict phonetic accuracy. Side-by-side audio comparison is the proven method for accent training.

Target: /v/
Loading sentence...

✍️ Drill 3: Custom Pronunciation Space

Type any sentence below. Click Transcribe to split it, then use the controls to step through the pronunciation word-by-word with live highlighting.

*Note: Live highlighting syncs perfectly using your browser's native Web Speech API. IPA transcription is based on a lightweight offline dictionary; unknown words are estimated.

Fluency, Stress & Linking Rules

1. Word Stress

In English, words with more than one syllable have one syllable that is spoken louder, longer, and higher in pitch. Getting this wrong makes you hard to understand, even if your sounds are perfect!

Noun vs Verb Rule

Many two-syllable words stress the 1st syllable for Nouns, and the 2nd for Verbs.

PRE-sent (Noun)
pre-SENT (Verb)

Word Families

Adding endings often shifts the stress to a different syllable.

PHO-to-graph
pho-TO-graph-er

2. Liaison (Connected Speech)

Native speakers rarely say words one-by-one. They link them together to create a smooth, flowing rhythm.

Consonant to Vowel Linking

When a word ends in a consonant and the next begins with a vowel, the consonant jumps over to start the next word.

"an apple" → sounds like "a napple"
"stop it" → sounds like "sto pit"

Vowel to Vowel Linking (Intrusion)

When two vowels meet, we automatically insert a tiny /w/ or /j/ (y) sound to connect them.

"go out" → sounds like "go-w-out"
"see it" → sounds like "see-y-it"

3. Sentence Stress (Rhythm)

English is a time-stressed language. We stretch out the important words (Content Words) and rush through the grammar words (Structure Words).

I WANT to BUY a NEW CAR.

Notice how 'to' and 'a' are squeezed into tiny sounds, while WANT, BUY, NEW, and CAR get all the time.

Super Learners School · Learn the sound, shape the mouth, practise the word, then speak in a sentence.